NIP arrived. 996

What

Normally there are several such causes. These are then factored into a range of recommendations. Any accident is the result of many occurences, all of which were required to cause that particular accident. The idea is not just to break this chain, but to attempt to break every link in that chain.

The recommendations are then sent to the appropriate authority, and the authority's response is listed.

Typically, one recommendation might be that a particular type of component (which had failed) should be redesigned to remove a particular failure mode. This might be sent to the aircraft manufacturer, or to the aviation authority, so that such a modification could be mandated.

Another recommendation in the same report might be to update pilot training materials and checklists to indicate that the failed component causes a particular unexpected effect or instrument reading, so that a pilot could better handle the situation next time. This recommendation might go to the airlines, or the manufacturer.

What almost never happens is that the pilot is simply blamed and that's the end of it. They always delve deeper. Perhaps the pilot training was defective, perhaps the aircraft instrumentation was confusing or conflicting, leading the pilot to make an error.

Christian.